Eiffel Tower and the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao have both been described as significant
architectural constructions of their time. The Eiffel Tower has been described as;
'a symbol of technological prowess' (www.tour- eiffel.com/)
and the Guggenheim museum has been 'hailed as the most important structure of its time'
( www. guggenheim.org/bilbao )
Research both architectural structures in order to comment on;
-the importance of the design and construction
-significance of the materials
-significance of the designer
-function for which each was built
-function now-has it changed?
Compare the two architectural structures, by noting their similarities and differences.
architectural constructions of their time. The Eiffel Tower has been described as;
'a symbol of technological prowess' (www.tour- eiffel.com/)
and the Guggenheim museum has been 'hailed as the most important structure of its time'
( www. guggenheim.org/bilbao )
Research both architectural structures in order to comment on;
-the importance of the design and construction
-significance of the materials
-significance of the designer
-function for which each was built
-function now-has it changed?
Compare the two architectural structures, by noting their similarities and differences.
THE EIFFEL TOWER:
The Eiffel Tower was criticised for its daring shape and design. People were unsure of whether it was safe enough to be amongst the public , covering a large area of space. The Metals Used are very important to the durability of the tower and shows how clever the designer was when trying to preserve it for as long as possible.
The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel, , nickname La dame de fer, the iron lady) is a puddle iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest building in Paris[10] and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named for its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
The tower was much criticised by the public when it was built, with many calling it an eyesore. Newspapers of the day were filled with angry letters from the arts community of Paris. One is quoted extensively in William Watson's US Government Printing Office publication of 1892 Paris Universal Exposition: Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture: "And during twenty years we shall see, stretching over the entire city, still thrilling with the genius of so many centuries, we shall see stretching out like a black blot the odious shadow of the odious column built up of riveted iron plates."
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (December 15, 1832 – December 27, 1923; French pronunciation: [efɛl], English: /ˈaɪfəl/) was a French structural engineer from the École Centrale Paris, an architect, an entrepreneur and a specialist of metallic structures. He is acclaimed for designing the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built 1887–1889 for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France. Notable among his other works is the armature for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States. Gustave Eiffel was significant because of his knowledge with metallic structures.
It is widely believed that the Eiffel Tower is made of steel, but this is incorrect. The Eiffel Tower is built of pure iron.
Steel has existed for thousands of years, but methods for producing it in large quantities didn't exist until the middle nineteenth century—only a few decades before the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. Gustave Eiffel was an expert in the engineering use of structural iron and knew exactly what it could and could not do, whereas steel was still a bit newfangled for structural use. For a project as important and prestigious as the Eiffel Tower, he decided to take no chances, and so he built it of puddled iron, a type of traditional wrought iron, prepared in a special way in a special furnace, so that the iron is made very pure and strong. You can learn more about how puddled iron is made from this Wikipedia article. Puddled iron was common in Eiffel's day, but it has been replaced by steel in modern times.
The proof that Eiffel knew what he was doing is that the tower is still standing and in superb shape. Even in 1999, when a massive windstorm did considerable damage to a number of Paris monuments, the 100+ mph winds of the storm didn't hurt the tower at all. Additionally, the tower is designed so that individual parts can be replaced if they wear out.
Steel has existed for thousands of years, but methods for producing it in large quantities didn't exist until the middle nineteenth century—only a few decades before the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. Gustave Eiffel was an expert in the engineering use of structural iron and knew exactly what it could and could not do, whereas steel was still a bit newfangled for structural use. For a project as important and prestigious as the Eiffel Tower, he decided to take no chances, and so he built it of puddled iron, a type of traditional wrought iron, prepared in a special way in a special furnace, so that the iron is made very pure and strong. You can learn more about how puddled iron is made from this Wikipedia article. Puddled iron was common in Eiffel's day, but it has been replaced by steel in modern times.
The proof that Eiffel knew what he was doing is that the tower is still standing and in superb shape. Even in 1999, when a massive windstorm did considerable damage to a number of Paris monuments, the 100+ mph winds of the storm didn't hurt the tower at all. Additionally, the tower is designed so that individual parts can be replaced if they wear out.
The Eiffel Tower has had minor changes to it, for eg. recently steel being added to its structure, reinforcements.
* The Eiffel tower has been painted 6 different colors in its history. All of the different colors were shades of brown. It takes 50 tons of paint to paint the Eiffel tower.
*A total of 50 engineers made 5300 blueprints. 121 workers worked at the construction site to build it.
*A total of 50 engineers made 5300 blueprints. 121 workers worked at the construction site to build it.
The Eiffel Tower was man-made.
THE GUGGEINHEIM MUSEUM
The Guggenheim Museum is known to many as the best structure built of it's time. It surpasses some of the more modern building designs in terms of its complexity and aesthetics.
The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and contemporary art designed by Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, built by Ferrovial[3] and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. It is built alongside the Nervion River, which runs through the city of Bilbao to the Atlantic Coast. The Guggenheim is one of several museums belonging to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The museum features permanent and visiting exhibits of works by Spanish and international artists.
One of the most admired works of contemporary architecture, the building has been hailed as a "single moment in the architectural culture" because it represents "one of those rare moments when critics, academics, and the general public were all completely united about something."[4] The museum was the building most frequently named as one of the most important works completed since 1980 in the 2010 World Architecture Survey among architecture experts.
One of the most admired works of contemporary architecture, the building has been hailed as a "single moment in the architectural culture" because it represents "one of those rare moments when critics, academics, and the general public were all completely united about something."[4] The museum was the building most frequently named as one of the most important works completed since 1980 in the 2010 World Architecture Survey among architecture experts.
Frank Owen Gehry, CC (born Frank[1] Owen Goldberg; February 28, 1929) is a Canadian American Pritzker Prize-winning architect based in Los Angeles, California.
His buildings, including his private residence, have become tourist attractions. His works are often cited as being among the most important works of contemporary architecture in the 2010 World Architecture Survey, which led Vanity Fair to label him as "the most important architect of our age".
His buildings, including his private residence, have become tourist attractions. His works are often cited as being among the most important works of contemporary architecture in the 2010 World Architecture Survey, which led Vanity Fair to label him as "the most important architect of our age".
The museum is constructed of a complex steel frame with sinuous stone, glass and titanium orthogonal and organic volumes.
The titanium cladding used is half a millimeter thick, each piece is unique and has been designed with the aid of a state-of-the-art 3D design computer programme. The volumes are linked by glass curtain walls for light transparency.
In some of the more curvacious and irregular exhibition spaces within the museum the floor is constructed of cement with curved and twisted walls.
Before Gehry chose to use titanium sheathing, 29 different materials including stainless steel, copper and aluminium were considered for use.
The titanium cladding used is half a millimeter thick, each piece is unique and has been designed with the aid of a state-of-the-art 3D design computer programme. The volumes are linked by glass curtain walls for light transparency.
In some of the more curvacious and irregular exhibition spaces within the museum the floor is constructed of cement with curved and twisted walls.
Before Gehry chose to use titanium sheathing, 29 different materials including stainless steel, copper and aluminium were considered for use.
The Museum hasn't changed a lot in structure from its original form built in the 1980's, but changes only occur to the content inside the museum, holding a wide variety of artwork.
BOTH STRUCTURES:
These two buildings have been considered the best structures of their time. They both uphold a great reputation, but are very different in the views of many. Although they're both visually stunning and entertaining, they both have their own unique qualities that make the difference. The Eiffel Tower represents a solid structural design, man-made through a lot of hard work, it is an iconic building itself because of its popularity around the world featured in a range of media. The public , and tourists are also attracted to the design, which also goes for the Guggenheim Musuem. Its beauty and complex design capture the wandering eyes. It is simply a work of art in large scale proportion. A more artistic feel can be found within this building, and appeals to many. One building is a more Strong,Structural design, whilst the other is more appealing to the eyes. These structures have their differences but of course, they are the best of their time!, theyre both outstanding and bring people together in some way.
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